The army does a much shorter daytime pop-up course only as far as I know. The army uses various optics depending on the unit.
Pretty much.
The Army has two types of rifle qualifications. Pop-up targets and the Alt-C, or alternate course. Both involve 40 bullets with 1 point per hit, and both involve 20 rounds in the prone supported position, 10 rounds in prone unsupported, and 10 rounds in kneeling.
1) Pop ups: This is on a range with known distance pop-up e-type silhouettes from 50 meters to 300 meters. There are a total of 40 times that targets pop up, 40 bullets, and one point per hit. The pop-ups are on timers and if you don't shoot in time, you miss your chance. There are also times when two targets will pop up at once and you must engage both before they drop. This qualification is the standard.
2) Alt-C: This is conducted on a 25 meter range when the 300m pop-up range is unavailable. It is usually conducted on the same range that one zeroes on. Due to being the exact same distance as the zero, the Soldiers don't need to worry about adjusting the elevation knob or accounting for the arc of the bullet. They also don't need to worry about wind for the 300m targets. Because of this, this qualification is a lot easier and I've seen many staff Officers conduct it instead of the pop-ups because they have trouble qualifying. I'll save that rant for another day. The Alt-C also has the 20 rounds prone-supported, 10 prone-unsupported, and 10 kneeling. However, since you're shooting at a static paper with silhouettes down-sampled for 25m, you get a certain amount of time for each position. For each position you must shoot at specific targets and the grader will add up the holes in each down-sampled target. If you need 4 holes in one target but have 5, you only get 4 points for that target.
It used to be that Soldiers had to score higher on the Alt-C in order to get Expert and Sharpshooter. But a few years ago they made them both the same. I think it was due to a promotion point system change. Anyway, here are the score breakdowns:
Expert: 36-40 hits
Sharpshooter: 30-35
Marksman: 23-29
Unqualified(F'in failure): 22 and below
It's REALLY hard to shoot less than Sharpshooter, in my opinion. Or, well, it should be for any Active Duty member. Reservists who only handle a rifle once a year on qual day, I can understand I guess. But still, anybody that shoots as a hobby should be getting Sharpshooter, AT LEAST.
There are also other qualifications for pistols and machine guns. And aside from the qualifications, many combat arms units conduct fairly regular nighttime and gas mask familiarization shoots. And I've seen a number also hold informal and unofficial CQM qualifications before doing shoot houses.