Heller established the constitutional test to determine what arms are protected by the Second Amendment. After examining the text of the Second Amendment, as illuminated by history,
Heller determined that bearable arms that are “in common use” today are constitutionally protected and cannot be banned
The
Heller Court applied the methodology later explicitly spelled out in
Bruen to decide the appropriate constitutional test. That methodology starts with evaluating the plain text of the Second Amendment. The plain text of the Second Amendment is clear—it protects the right to “keep and bear arms.” Because it is the right to keep
and bear arms, that implies one limitation of the right—the arms it protects must be “bearable.” And what are arms? “Weapons of offence, or armour of defence”; in other words, “any thing that a man wears for his defence, or takes into his hands or useth in wrath to cast at or strike another.” The plain text of the Second Amendment thus has an expansive scope: “the Second Amendment extends,
prima facie, to all instruments that constitute bearable arms, even those that were not in existence at the time of the founding.” Moreover, the term “arms” includes “modern instruments that facilitate armed self-defense.”
What Part of “In Common Use” Don’t You Understand?: How Courts Have Defied Heller in Arms-Ban Cases—Again Mark W. Smith[*] Introduction In the year since New York State Rifle & Pistol Associati…
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