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That's a good question. Can the door be opened from the inside, in case someone got locked inside?
Typically only light duty doors are equipped to open from the inside (gun safe manufacturer and record room doors). Bank quality doors do not have an internal release mechanism for security reasons.
Without giving away any security secrets, I will say that these types of doors will not just close and lock. There is an additional step in the door closing process that allows the door to lock. A criminal wouldn't be able to march you into the vault and lock you inside it, even if he shut the door and turned the handle.
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How about air? In a typical vault like that, are provisions made for ventilation?
People have still been locked in vaults, and usually, there is a small electric fan mounted in or near the door that will allow outside air into the vault. Most vaults in commercial use are time locked. If you're locked inside of one, you'll probably end up spending the night.
I would assume this vault will be climate & humidity controlled from within. Running ductwork into a vault from outside defeats the purpose of the security the vault is supposed to offer. Electric, telephone, and a second set of alarm lines are pretty standard also.