I've seen several tests by Paul Harrell of all three rounds on his "meat target". A bit pedantic in style, but his tests are quite realistic and have interesting results. The .40 and .45 seem to be better at damaging hard tissue such as bones, but all three have similar overall performance.
What "stops" a target? Destroying the CNS or breaking a major bone needed for mobility will disable a threat immediately. Nothing else. Any other placement will make holes that leak, causing eventual asphyxiation due to blood loss. But leaking takes time, and like a deer running after a clean heart shot, a threat can continue to damage you for too long.
So my calculus is that given the low probability of making an immediately disabling shot on the first try, I'd like to have more tries in the magazine. Hence, 9mm for me.
I love these topics. They give so many people the pleasure of being the smartest guy on the intertubes.